The menstrual cycle is a monthly process that occurs in the female body and is essential for the reproductive process. There are four distinct phases in the menstrual cycle, each of which has specific characteristics and functions.

The first phase of the menstrual cycle is the follicular phase. This phase occurs right after the menstrual period and lasts for around 14 days. During this phase, the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body increase, which stimulates the growth of new follicles in the ovaries. As the follicles continue to mature, the lining of the uterus thickens in preparation for a potential pregnancy.

The second phase of the menstrual cycle is the ovulation phase. This phase occurs around day 14 of the cycle and is when the ovary releases a mature egg. During this phase, the levels of estrogen and progesterone are at their peak and the body is prepared to receive a fertilized egg in the uterus.

The third phase of the menstrual cycle is the luteal phase. This phase occurs after ovulation and lasts for around 14 days. During this phase, the body prepares for a potential pregnancy by secreting progesterone, which helps to maintain the uterine lining and prepare the body for implantation.

The fourth and final phase of the menstrual cycle is the menstrual phase. This phase occurs when a fertilized egg is not implanted in the uterus. The levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease, causing the uterus to shed its lining and produce a menstrual period. This phase typically lasts for around 3–5 days.