Many couples considering IVF ask whether it affects the health of their baby. Most babies born after IVF are healthy. Research shows a small increase in some risks compared with natural conception, and it helps to understand what this means.
Does IVF cause birth defects?
Studies suggest that babies conceived through IVF and ICSI have a slightly higher chance of a birth defect than babies conceived naturally. However, the overall risk remains low. In the general population, around 2 to 3 babies in every 100 are born with a significant birth defect; after IVF, the figure is a little higher.
Why is the risk slightly higher?
- Underlying infertility: some of the increase appears to be linked to the causes of infertility and parental factors, rather than to IVF itself
- Parental age: couples having IVF are often older
- Multiple pregnancy: twins have higher risks of complications. See can I have twins with IVF?
- Laboratory procedures: research continues into the effects of embryo culture and freezing
Understanding the risks
- Very rare conditions related to how genes are switched on (imprinting disorders) have been reported slightly more often after ART, but they remain very rare
- Babies born after IVF have a slightly higher risk of being born early or small, mainly in twin pregnancies
- Long-term studies of children born after IVF are generally reassuring about growth and development
Reducing the risks
- Single embryo transfer lowers the risk of twins
- Healthy lifestyle: stop smoking, limit alcohol and take folic acid before conception
- Control medical conditions such as diabetes and thyroid disease
- Genetic testing of embryos may be offered to couples with a known inherited condition. Embryos are not routinely tested unless this is planned. See preimplantation genetic testing
Checks during pregnancy
All pregnancies, including IVF pregnancies, are offered screening tests such as the nuchal translucency scan, blood tests and a detailed anomaly scan. Some women may be offered fetal echocardiography. See prenatal care.
Frequently asked questions
Are IVF babies healthy?
Most babies born after IVF are healthy. There is a small increase in some risks, but the overall risk remains low.
Are IVF embryos checked for abnormalities?
Embryos are assessed for quality under the microscope. Genetic testing of embryos is done only when it is planned, for example for a known inherited condition.
Does ICSI increase birth defect risk?
Some studies suggest a slightly higher risk with ICSI, which may be linked to the underlying male infertility. Your doctor can discuss this with you.
If you have questions about your own situation, you can meet our doctors at our Basavanagudi, Koramangala and Ballari centres, or contact us to book an appointment.
This article is for general information and does not replace medical advice. Treatment decisions should be made with a qualified doctor who knows your history.