Yes. Before IVF, ICSI or IUI, the semen sample is “washed” in the laboratory. This is a standard step that prepares the healthiest sperm for treatment.
What is sperm washing?
Semen contains sperm along with seminal fluid, dead or slow sperm, white blood cells and other substances. Sperm washing separates the healthy, moving sperm from the rest of the sample.
Why is sperm washed?
- To concentrate the healthiest, most active sperm
- To remove seminal fluid, which can cause cramps if placed in the uterus during IUI
- To remove debris, dead sperm and some bacteria
- To prepare sperm in a medium suitable for fertilisation
How is sperm washed?
Two common methods are used:
- Density gradient: the sample is layered over special solutions and spun in a centrifuge. Healthy sperm move through the layers and collect at the bottom.
- Swim-up: sperm are placed under a culture medium, and the most active sperm swim up into it.
The process takes about one to two hours. See semen analysis and processing.
How is washed sperm used?
- IUI: washed sperm are placed directly in the uterus. See IUI
- IVF: washed sperm are placed with the eggs in a dish
- ICSI: a single selected sperm is injected into each egg. See ICSI
Preparing to give a sample
- Avoid ejaculation for two to five days before, or as advised
- Collect the sample in the sterile container provided
- Tell the clinic about any illness, fever or medicines
Sperm washing and infections
Sperm washing is also used in some couples where the male partner has a virus such as HIV, as part of a carefully managed plan to reduce the risk of transmission. Read IVF for people living with HIV.
Frequently asked questions
Does sperm washing improve sperm quality?
It does not change the sperm themselves, but it selects and concentrates the healthiest, most active sperm for treatment.
How long does sperm washing take?
Usually about one to two hours in the laboratory.
Is sperm washed for natural conception?
No. Sperm washing is used only for treatments such as IUI, IVF and ICSI.
If you have questions about your own situation, you can meet our doctors at our Basavanagudi, Koramangala and Ballari centres, or contact us to book an appointment.
This article is for general information and does not replace medical advice. Treatment decisions should be made with a qualified doctor who knows your history.