For many couples, the wish to have a child is deeply felt, and months or years of trying without success can be painful. Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) have helped many couples become parents, and understanding them is a first step towards making informed choices.
The emotional stages of infertility
The stage of hope
In the early years of marriage, couples often expect pregnancy to follow naturally, and family and friends may ask when a baby is due.
The stage of disappointment
As time passes without a pregnancy, worry and disappointment can grow, especially after many tests and opinions. Seeking specialist advice early, and with good information, can make this time easier. See coping with the emotional impact of infertility.
What are assisted reproductive techniques?
ART includes treatments that involve handling eggs, sperm or embryos to help achieve a pregnancy. In India, ART is regulated under the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021.
Common ART treatments
IUI (intrauterine insemination)
Prepared sperm are placed directly in the uterus around ovulation. IUI may help with mild male factor infertility, ovulation problems or unexplained infertility. See IUI.
IVF (in vitro fertilisation)
Eggs are collected after ovarian stimulation and fertilised with sperm in the laboratory, and an embryo is transferred to the uterus. See IVF.
ICSI
A single sperm is injected into each egg, mainly for male factor infertility. See ICSI.
Frozen embryo transfer
Embryos frozen from an earlier cycle are thawed and transferred. See frozen embryo transfer.
Donor programmes and fertility preservation
Donor eggs or sperm may be used in some situations, and eggs, sperm or embryos can be frozen for the future. See fertility preservation.
How ART can help
The right treatment depends on the cause of infertility, the woman’s age and the couple’s preferences. Many couples need simpler treatment before IVF is considered. A full assessment of both partners is the first step. See when to see a fertility specialist and what is infertility?
Frequently asked questions
What does ART stand for?
Assisted reproductive technology, which includes treatments such as IUI, IVF and ICSI that involve handling eggs, sperm or embryos.
Is IUI part of ART?
IUI is often grouped with ART treatments, although it is simpler than IVF.
Is ART regulated in India?
Yes. ART clinics and banks are regulated under the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act, 2021.
If you have questions about your own situation, you can meet our doctors at our Basavanagudi, Koramangala and Ballari centres, or contact us to book an appointment.
This article is for general information and does not replace medical advice. Treatment decisions should be made with a qualified doctor who knows your history.